In contrast, the latter appeared to control the assemblages contraction in terms of richness, according to the different sensitivity to sediment stress of the different taxa. In the short term, a significant density drop was observed, slightly influenced by the extent of the perturbation. The macroinvertebrate assemblages resulted noticeably impacted by the CSFOs. In contrast, significant differences characterize the hydropower facilities (elevation and storage of reservoirs, in particular) as well as the basic CSFOs parameters (i.e., season, duration, mass and grain-size of the evacuated sediment, suspended sediment concentration). (iii) Abiotic and biotic measurements in selected downstream reaches (before, during, and after the CSFOs) represented an integral part of the operations. (ii) Reservoirs were fully drawn-down, earth-moving equipment was used to dislodge sediment, and the downstream water discharge was increased, compared to baseflow, by operating upstream intakes. ![]() These CSFOs displayed specific common traits: (i) Limits were set by the local environmental authorities concerning the allowable suspended sediment concentration. In this paper, we report on ten controlled sediment flushing operations (CSFOs), carried out between 20 in the central Italian Alps, at four hydropower reservoirs. ![]() To limit these drawbacks, sediment flushing can be controlled, by jointly regulating the sediment concentration of the evacuated water and the streamflow in the downstream channel. However, the increase of the sediment loading below the dam can trigger a suite of undesired ecological effects in the downstream river reaches. Sediment flushing can tackle reservoirs siltation and improve sediment flux through dammed rivers.
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